(一)充当定语
分词常用来修饰名词或代词，单个分词作定语放在所修饰词之前，分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后;但有些过去分词也可放在所修饰词之后医学全在,线www.med126.com，分词短语作定语置于句中时相当于一个省略关系词的定语从句。
例句： How many of us attending(=who are attending)， say， a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
分析： 该句是复合句。主干部分为How many of us would be interesed in the discussion。 that is irrelevant to us是修饰a meeting的定语从句， say作插入语，可译为“比方说”， attending... a meeting作定语修饰us。
译文： 假如我们参加了一个与我们无关的会议，有多少人会对讨论感兴趣呢?
例句： It is easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place(=which takes place)in our everchanging world.
(1999年第3题)
分析： 该句是复合句。it是形式主语，to blame the decline of...是真正的主语，分词短语taking place in our everchanging world修饰changes。
译文： 人们很容易把交谈减少归咎于现代生活的节奏以及在我们这个不断变化的世界中所发生的某些不太清楚的变革。
例句： On the other hand， he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that， while he was a good observer， he had no power of reasoning.
(2008年第48题)
分析： 该句是复合句。在英语中，谓语动词后如果跟了篇幅较长的宾语，往往会将宾语补足语前置到宾语前面。此句的正常语序是：he(主语)+did not accept(谓语)+the charge(宾语)as well。本句中，分词短语made by some of his critics修饰charge，that引导的是一个同位语从句在说明和解释charge，其中又包含了一个while引导的让步状语从句。
译文： 另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法也是缺乏根据的。
例句： The emphasis on data gathered firsthand (=which have been gathered), combined with (which have been combined with) a crosscultural perspective brought to (= which has been brought to) the analysis of cultures past and present， makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(2003年第 63题)
分析： 该句是简单句。主干部分为The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science， a unique and distinctly important social science在句中作宾语this study的补足语，gathered firsthand及combined with a crosscultural perspective作定语修饰data， brought to the analysis of cultures past and present作定语修饰perspective。
译文： 强调收集第一手资料，加上分析过去和现在文化时采用跨文化视角，使得这种研究成为一门独特的并且非常重要的社会科学。
(二)充当表语
分词或分词短语放在系动词be， become， get， remain， seem， stay后作表语。现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或正在进行的动作，过去分词作表语则表示主语所处的状态。
例句： Mrs. Green has been living in town for only one year， yet she seems to be acquainted with everyone who comes to the store. (1996年第23题)
分析： 该句是复合句。who comes to the store是修饰everyone的定语从句，短语be acquainted with sb.意思为“与某人相识，熟悉”。
译文： 格林女士住在城里仅一年，可是，她似乎认识来到这个商店的每一个人。
例句： Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been pursuing the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules. (1996年第25题)
分析： 该句是简单句。介词短语of a practical and economical way作定语修饰goal，不定式to split water molecules作状语表示目的。
译文： 全世界几十个科学团体一直在寻求利用太阳光分解水分子既实用而又经济的方法。
例句： Consumers seem only mildly concerned， not panicked， and many say they remain optimistic about the economys longterm prospects even as they do some modest belttightening. (选自2004年Text 3)
分析： 该句是复合句。they remain optimistic about...在句中作say的宾语从句，even as they do some modest belttightening是一让步状语从句。
译文： 消费者似乎只是略有担心，并不恐慌，许多人还说，即使稍微勒紧裤带，他们对经济的长远发展仍然感到乐观。
