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教研室：医学英语教研室 教师名称：

Unit 2:  ModernWorries, New Technology, and Medicine

Introduction

   New technology usually will bring usbenefits, but with the increasing absorption of new technology, people’sopinion about the relationship between modern life and health has changed. Thus,new technology will be accompanied by new illnesses. What causes our illnesses?What should we do in the midst of burgeoning information? Now let’s go into thetext to see the author’s opinion about these questions.

I. Lead-in

•1.What does this title “Modern Worries, New Technology, and Medicine” mean? What will the text be about?

•2. Do you have any modern worries? And why?

• 

II. Focal words and expressions

•1.Undermine: weakengradually 破坏，削弱

•   Late hours can ~one"s health. 

•   晚睡会损害健康。

• Underline: emphasize;draw a line under (a word, sentence, etc.)

•   The recent cases of “bird flu” and cholera ~d the need for the community and the  government to be on thealert at all times.

•   近期发生的禽流感和霍乱个案显示出市民及政府都要随时警醒.

•Underlie: form the basis of

•   A deep faith ~sher work among the refugees.

•   她在难民中工作是因为她有很深的信念

• 

2. Foster: (1) encourage, promote

  Health and gaiety can ~ beauty.
健康与欢乐养育美。

Teachers are duty-bound to ~ such positive attitudes.  

教师有责任把这些好风气带动起来。

(2) take care ofand bring up (a child)

~a child

cf. adopt achild

3. Subtle:

(1) not easy to detect or describe

  Mona Lisa"s ~ smile is unique.

  蒙娜丽莎神秘深邃的微笑是无与伦比的.

(2) fine, delicate

  I noticed a ~ change in his attitude.

  我注意到他的态度发生了微妙的变化。

(3) sensitive

  She has a ~ mind. 她头脑灵敏。

•4.Ascribe …to:  consider sth tobe caused by, written by or belonging to sb./sth.

•   He ~d his failureto bad luck.

•   This play isusually ~d to Shakespeare. 

•   这个剧本一般认为是莎士比亚所作。

• 

•  Attribute…to:  regard sth. asbelonging to, caused by, or produced by sb./sth.

•   They ~ my successto my hard work.

•   This play isusually ~d to Shakespeare.

• 

Owe…to:  recognize sb./sth.as the cause or source of sth

•We~ this discovery to Newton.我们的这一发现归功于牛顿。

•Cf.He ~s $50 to his father.他欠他父亲50美元。

•~loyalty to a political party/ company/ one’s union 对某政党/公司/联盟效忠

•I~ a lot to mine husband and child.我很感激我的丈夫和孩子。

5. Commonplace

Adj. Ordinary, not interesting 平凡

Soonit will be ~ for people to travel to the moon.

不用多久，人们到月球旅行会变成常见的事了。

N. (1) remark that is ordinary orunoriginal

Itis a ~ among moralists that you cannot get happiness by pursuing it.

道德家们常说：幸福靠追求是得不到的。

(2) ordinary topic, event

Airtravel is a ~ nowadays.

现在做飞机是平常事。

•6. Conspiratorial: of, or like conspirators or conspiracy

•She handed the note to me with a ~ air.她鬼鬼祟祟地把字条递给了我。

•III. Background knowledge

•1. Treatment: conventional treatment

• alternative treatment 

•complementary medicine 中西医结合

•(1). Acupressure 针压法

•(2). Acupuncture 针灸法

•(3). Aromatherapy 芳香疗法

•(4). Ayurvedic medicine 印度草药疗法

•(5). Body word: massage, Qigong, T’ai chi,etc.

•(6). Chinese herb 草药

•(7). Homeopathy 顺势疗法

•(8). Hydrotherapy 水疗法

•(9). Naturopathic medicine (air, sunlight, water, heat, etc.) 自然医术

•(10).nutrient and diet 营养与饮食疗法

• 

•2. Sick building syndrome: An illness caused by exposure to pollutantsor germs inside an airtight building, e.g., formaldehyde

• 

•3. Railway spine: the 19th century disease with the post-traumaticsymptoms of passengers involved in the railroad accident

• 

•4. Electric allergy: the 20th century  disease with a lot of symptoms thatoriginated from the anxiety about exposure to electromagnetic fields emittedfrom video display terminals

• 

•5. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (syndrome): 克-雅综合症（传染性海绵状脑病)

•Hans Gerhard Creutzdeldt: 德国精神病学家，1885-1964

•Alfons Maria:德国精神病学家,1884-1931

•6. Necrotizing fasciitis: An infectious disease of very rare form ofencephalopathy , thought to be caused by a virus. There is little  known about the mode of  transformation.  Human to human transmission has occurredthrough the  use of contaminatedbrain electrode and  transplantationof infected tissue

• 

•7. Thalidomide wasfirst marketed in Europe in the late 1950"s. It was used as a sleeping pill and to treat morningsickness during pregnancy. At that time no one knew thalidomide caused birthdefects.

•Before its release, inadequate tests were performed to assess thedrug"s safety, with catastrophic results for the children of women who hadtaken thalidomide during their pregnancies.

•From 1956 to 1962, approximately 10,000 children were born withsevere malformities.

•But in fact, taking only one dose of thalidomide early in pregnancycan severely affect the growth of fetal limbs (arms, legs, hands, feet). Italso puts the fetus at risk of other injuries, including eye and ear defectsand severe internal defects of the heart, genitals, kidneys, digestive tract(including lips and mouth), and nervous system.

•IV. Medical terms

1. encephalo- 脑

 encephalo-arteriography 脑动脉造影术

encephalocele 脑膨出

encephaloma  脑瘤

 encephalomeningitis  脑膜炎

 encephalopathy   脑病

 encephalogram   脑X线[照]片

 encepahlography  脑照相术，脑造影术

 encephalitis   脑炎

•2. –pathy  病，疗法

•encephalopathy   脑病

•Cardiomyopathy  心肌病

•Allopathy 对抗疗法

•Hydropathy  水疗

•3.psych(o)-  精神[的]，心理[的]

•Psychology  心理学

•Psychoanalysis精神分析

•Psychoalgalia 精神性痛

•Psychopathia  精神变态，变态人格

•Psychotherapy精神疗法，心理疗法

•4.somat(o): 体，躯体

•Somatalgia 躯体痛

•Somatology 躯体学

•Somatopathy 躯体病

•Somatoscopy:体格检查，体格观察

•5. allergy

•Allergen  变应原，过敏原

•Allergin  变应素

•Allergize  致敏

•Allergodermia 变应性皮病

•Allergology: 变态反应学

•6. –graphy

  encepahlography  脑照相术，脑造影术

  encephalo-arteriography 脑动脉造影术

•7. tele- 远

•Telescope 望远镜

•Television  电视

•Telephone  电话

•Telegraphy  电报业

•Telegram 电报

•Telediagnosis  远距诊断

•Telemedicine 远距医学

•8. necr(o)- 坏死，尸体

•Necrobacillosis 坏死杆菌病

•Necrocytotoxin 坏死细胞毒素

•Necrolysis  坏死溶解

•Necrotomy  尸体解剖，死骨切除

•Necronectomy 坏死[物]切除术

•Necrocytosis 细胞坏死

• 

•
V: Grammar:

•Attribute:

•The media’s increased coverage of healthtopics, in stories on the dangers lurking in ordinary activitiessuch as air travel and vaccination, has increased worries about routinehealth care and increased people’s perception of their vulnerability to new and exotic illnesses.

•1.his complaint (代词)

•2.developing countries (现在分词)

•3.10,000 children (数词)

•4. illness attributed to environmental pollution (过去分词短语)

•7.sleeping pill (动名词)

•8.I need some one to do the operation. (不定式)

•9.These concerns about technological change, which have been largelyunrecognized by researchers, have important implication for the waypatients interact with health service. (定语从句)

VI.translation

Adverbialclause

Whereas previous health scares -----amalgam fillings, saccharin, and fluoridation of water ------ were published inthe usual media sources, new  andunsubstantiated health worries can be instantly transmitted to an internetaudience eagerly seeking information on health or to special interest networks,such as illness support groups.

以前人们对健康的担忧，如汞合金补牙、糖精、氟化水的影响是通过普通媒介传播的，而现在可以通过网络把一些新型的、未加证实的健康问题迅速地传递给在网上急于寻求健康知识的群体或某些特殊网民，如为抵御某一疾病而成立的团体。

1. The earthturns round its axis asit travels around the sun.

  地球一面绕太阳运行，一面 绕地轴自转。

（转译成并列分句)

 Whenthe abnormal is sensed, an alarm is sounded to alert the nursing staff.

如果 测出异www.med126.com/wszg/常情况，闹铃就响起来，引起护理人员的警觉。

（转译成条件状语从句)

2. Teratogenic (致畸形的), carcinogenic(致癌的), mutagenic(致突变的), reproductive, and sensitization experiments may be included where indicated.

   如必要 可进行致畸、致癌、致突变、生殖以及致敏的试验。

（转译成条件状语从句)

  3. The patient was discharged from hospital yesterday, if you want to know.

  这病人已于昨天出院，如果你想知道的话。

（译成补充说明的分句置于句末)

Necrotizing fasciitis:

A rarebacterial infection that can destroy skin and the soft tissues beneath it,including fat and the tissue covering the muscles (fascia). Because thesetissues often die rapidly, a person with necrotizing fasciitisis sometimes said to be infected with "flesh-eating" bacteria.

Very rare but serious. Around 30% of thosewho develop it die from the disease

VII. Summary

New technologiesare usually accompanied by new complaints, such as railway spine in the 19^thcentury and electric allergy in the 20^th century. Nowadays, withmass media and internet, people are increasingly feeling we are veryvulnerable; and due to mismanaged incidents and easily recalled fallibility of experts,people begin to distrust experts, therefore they refuse to start medication incase of being “poisoned”. This environment fosters people to pay more attentionto their health; in turn, to国家医学考试网o much concerns bring up anxiety, which leads tophysical and mental illnesses. While new technology can improve the quality ofour life, it can also produce adverse effect on our life.

VIII. Discussion p.47

•1. The advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.

•2. Explain the importance of the healthy lifestyle by giving someexamples.