中医基础理论的主要内容

About Basic Theories of TCM

中医基础理论主要阐述人体的生理、病理及疾病的防治等基本理论知识，内容包括阴阳、五行、藏象、气血津液精神、经络、病因与发病、病机、防治原则等。

The basic theories of TCM deal primarily with basic theoretical knowledge such as physiology, pathology, and the treatment and prevention of disease, including yin and yang, the five elements, visceral manifestations, qi, blood, body fluid, vitality, meridians, etiology, pathogenesis, and principles of disease prevention and treatment.

阴阳五行：阴阳五行本属中国古代哲学范畴，具有唯物主义和辩证法思想。中医运用阴阳学说来阐释人体的结构、生理和病理，并用以指导临床的诊断和治疗。

Yin-Yang and Five Elements: These fall in the category of ancient Chinese philosophy with concept of materialism and dialectics. Yin-Yang and five elements were introduced in TCM to elucidate the structure, physiology and pathology of the body, and guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

藏象学说：研究人体各脏腑、组织器官的生理功能、病理变化及其相互关系，以及脏腑、组织器官与外界环境相互关系的学说。是中医学理论体系的重要组成部分，也是指导临床各科进行辨证论治的理论基础。

Visceral Manifestation Theory: This theory deals with the physiological functions, and pathological changes of the viscera, tissues and organs as well as their interrelationship. It also deal with the mutual relations between the viscera, tissues, organs and the external environment. It is an important part of TCM’s theoretical system and serves as the theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

气血津液精神：主要阐述气、血、津液、精神的生成、作用及其相互关系，说明气、血、津液和精既是脏腑功能活动的产物，又是脏腑功能活动的物质基础。

Qi, Blood, Body Fluid and Vitality: They deal primarily with the generation and actions of qi, blood, body fluid and vitality as well as their interrelationship. It tells us that they are not only the products of zang-viscera and fu-viscera activity, but also the material basis on which both the zang-viscera and the fu-viscera function.

经络学说：研究人体经络系统的生理功能、病理变化及其与脏腑相互关系的学说，是中医基础理论的重要组成部分。经络是人体沟通表里上下、联络脏腑组织器官、通行气血的一个有机体系。

Meridian Theory: This theory deals with the physiology and pathology of the meridian system as well as the interrelationship of viscera. It is an important part of TCM’s basic theories. The meridians and its collaterals form an organic system which links up the exterior, interior, upper and lower parts of the body, connects the viscera, tissues and organs, and circulates qi and blood. 医.学.全.在.线网站www.med126.com

病因与发病：主要阐述各种致病因素的性质、特点及所致病证的临床表现，并说明疾病的发生是由于人体内外环境失调所致。

Etiology and Pathogenesis: The properties and characteristics of all types of pathogenic factors as well as the clinical manifestations of resulting diseases are explained within this theory. It tells us that disease occurs because of the imbalance of internal and external environment of the body.

病机：主要在于阐述病理变化的一般规律，包括邪正盛衰、阴阳失调、气血津液失常、内生五邪、脏腑经络功能失常等方面。

Pathological Mechanism: It elaborates the general law of pathological changes, including concepts of prosperity and decline of pathogenic factors, incoordination of yin and yang, abnormalities of qi, blood and body fluid, five endogenous evils, and disturbance of the viscera and meridians.

防治原则：防病和治病的基本法则。中医学强调预防为主，主张“治未病”，对控制疾病的发生与发展具有重要意义，治疗法则主要包括治病求本、扶正祛邪、调整阴阳等内容。

Principles of Treatment and Prevention: It discusses the basic principles of treatment and prevention of diseases. The prevention principle is given top priority in TCM by upholding that prevention comes first. It is of great significance in controlling the onset and development of illnesses. The treatment principle incorporates a philosophy of finding and treating the root cause of an illness, increasing its own power of healing to resist and dispel pathogenic factors, and adjusting yin and yang to maintain their balance