第一、句子可以拆分为三段：
Interest in historical methods has arisen / less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline / and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
第二、句子的结构
1)主干结构是一个简单句：Interest has arisen less through ...and more from.。.
2)并列状语less through ...and more from的翻译是关键，through和from意思完全相同，表示原因，直译为：比较少的是因为……，更多的原因是……
3)challenge后面的不定式短语to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline是它的定语，直译对历史作为一门学科的正确性提出异议，internal quarrels后面的介词短语among historians themselves作quarrels的定语。
第三、词的处理：
Interest in historical methods 对历史方法的关注(兴趣)
arisen 来自于，产生于challenge质疑，挑战
validity 真实性，正确性as an intellectual discipline作为一门学问(一个学科领域)
internal quarrels 内部意见不统一，内部分歧
参考译文：
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
句子五：
During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional
methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study。
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为三段：
During this transfer, / traditional historical methods were augmented / by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
第二、句子的结构：
1)主干结构是一个被动语态的简单句：...methods were augmented by.。.
2)过去分词短语designed to.。.作句子宾语methodologies的定语。
第三、词的处理：
transfer 转变
augmented 充实，补充
additional methodologies 新方法 designed to用来
interpret 阐释，解释，说明
the new forms of evidence 新的证据形式，根据上下文意思引申为在历史学研究中的新史料。
