职称英语考试了解阐述主旨的事实和细节/常见题型及解题技巧
职称英语考试：了解阐述主旨的事实和细节
为了准确理解每篇文章或每段文章的中心思想，我们必须要找到与中心思想有关的事实和细节。一个好的作者必然会引用事实、或分析原因、或对比事物间的关系等以论证自己的论点。常用以提问这类事实和细节的问题有两种医学全在线www.med126.com。一种是要求找出文章中的重要事实或细节，这些常与wh0，when，where，which或why有关。另一种问题是辨认哪些细节在文章中没被提及。这些问题常有except，not(mentioned／true)，least等。例如：
1. What causes ?
2. Some people do sth. because__________
3. Sb. is … because ________.
4. Why does the author mention ...?
5. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...?
6. Where in the passage does the author describe...?
7. Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing ...?
8. What time does the writer think is ?
9. What does the author pay least attention to?
10. Which of the following is not a result of _______?
11. All of the following may be ... except ________.
12. Which of the following is not mentioned?
13. Which of the following statements is true ?
14. The author states all of the items listed except_______.
为了正确回答这一类题目，读者往往要采用各种阅读方法和解题技巧，也就是综合解题法。在通读全文、掌握文章的中心大意的基础上，首先要仔细看懂问题，明确问的是什么，然后按照题意进行寻读，找到正确答案的根据。
例1
Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population --growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it will be the mechanist's trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.
1. According to the passage, with the development of modem industry, .
A. factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in number
B. there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers
C. employers have attached great importance to factory laborers
D. the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreased
