2) 条件状语从句:分真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气)
重点:在条件(时间)状语中,用一般时代替将来时(可参见时间状语从句例子)
虚拟语气(见"第六讲")
主要连接词:
(1)if / unless (除非 = if not 如果不) 例如:
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.except B. besides C. unless D.whereas
解题思路:根据上面说过的连接原则,这里必须是一个"连接词",而A,B都是介词,因此正确答案只能在C,D中选。"whereas"意为"而",故正确答案为C.(不应把儿童带到重病人房间,除非有某种特殊原因。)
(2)provided / on condition that (跟句子) (如果…)知道这也医学全在线www.med126.com是连接词就可以了,一般说,当考题中出现这种词时,应倾向选择。
3) 原因状语从句:
主要连接词:because/ since / as
要点:不要把连接词 because与介词短语because of ( + 名词或-ing形式) 相混淆;
不要把表示原因的since与表示时间的since"自从…"相混淆;
不要把表示原因的as与表示时间的as"随着…"相混淆;
顺便提一下, because表示直接"因果关系",而since, as 是对事实的说明,主句和从句之间并不一定具有"因果关系".
例如:
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do. (你已经18岁了,应该知道什么该干什么不该干。)
这个句子用because连接就不太合适。好在军队职称考试中并不要求作这种分辨。
…for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for从句,例如: He must have gone to bed, for it is too late.
(他肯定已经睡了;现在已经很晚了。)—— 该句不能用because
now that / seeing that / considering that (由于…) Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one.(鉴于这个问题已经解决,他们开始进行下一个问题。) n
…in that(在于…)一般放在主句后面,例如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate. (人比动物高等,因为人能以语言作为工具进行交际。)
4) 让步状语从句:
主要连接词:although (虽然)/ even if (though) (即使)/ while (尽管)后两个是考试的重点。no matter what… (= whatever无论…什么…) / no matter how… (=however, 无论怎样…) / whether…or not (不论…还是…)这是让步句考试的重点。
例如:
No matter what (或Whatever) may happen, we will not change our plan. (无论可能发生什么,我们决不改变计划。)
No matter how difficult (或However difficult) the journey may be, we will not change our plan. (不管路程有多难,我们决不改变计划。)
We should not worry her whether she is well or ill (或whether she is ill or not).(无论她身体好坏,我们都不应使她烦恼。)
注意:no matter what后面跟名词或名词性结构;no matter how后面跟形容词或副词,不要搞错;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.